@charset "UTF-8";
:root{--ink:#182d4e;--muted:#5e6f87;--blue:#235de9;--orange:#fc701c;--line:#dce3ee;--paper:#f7f9fc;--white:#fff;--radius:16px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:24px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:17px/1.85 "PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--blue)}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--orange);outline-offset:5px}button,input,textarea{font:inherit}img{max-width:100%}p{margin:0 0 1.2em}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0;font-weight:650}h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4.8vw,62px)}h2{font-size:29px}h3{font-size:21px}a, h1,h2,h3,p{overflow-wrap:anywhere}::selection{background:#dce7ff}
.wrap{width:min(1240px,100% - 96px);margin:auto}.site-header{background:var(--white);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.header-inner{min-height:106px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;flex-shrink:0}.brand img{width:126px;height:85px;object-fit:contain}.brand-text{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:24px;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:.05em}.brand-text small{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.15em;margin-top:3px}.main-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600}.main-nav a{padding:12px 0;white-space:nowrap}.main-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--blue);box-shadow:0 2px var(--blue)}.main-nav .contact-link{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:10px 15px;margin-left:6px}
.skip-link{position:absolute;left:16px;top:-100px;z-index:20;background:white;padding:10px}.skip-link:focus{top:8px}.preview-notice{background:#fff2e6;color:#78451c;text-align:center;font-size:14px;padding:8px 20px}.eyebrow{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.12em;font-weight:600}.eyebrow::before{content:"";width:7px;height:7px;background:var(--orange);border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;gap:72px;padding:76px 0 64px;align-items:center}.hero h1{margin:26px 0 22px;letter-spacing:-.055em}.hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)}.hero-intro{max-width:590px;color:var(--muted);font-size:18px;line-height:1.95;margin-bottom:25px}.text-link{display:inline-flex;gap:24px;align-items:center;font-size:16px;color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}.featured{background:#eaf0fe;border:1px solid #d4e0fc;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:36px;position:relative}.featured-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:14px;color:var(--blue);padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:1px solid #cbd8f3;letter-spacing:.08em}.featured h2{font-size:30px;margin:25px 0 16px}.featured p{color:#4d6284;font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}.featured .text-link{margin-top:12px}.flow{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-top:1px solid #cbd8f3;padding-top:24px;margin-top:28px;font-size:14px;color:#496086}.flow i{font-style:normal;color:#889cca}
.section{padding:45px 0 55px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;margin-bottom:27px}.section-heading h2{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:center}.section-index{font-size:14px;color:var(--orange);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.08em}.section-sub{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:7px 0 0}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:23px}.article-grid.two{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.article-card{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:29px;min-width:0;transition:border-color .2s,transform .2s}.article-card:hover{border-color:#93b0f0;transform:translateY(-3px)}.meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.stage{color:#385884;background:#eef3fb;padding:2px 9px;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px}.stage.practice{color:#376851;background:#edf5ef}.article-card h3{margin:19px 0 12px;line-height:1.6}.article-card .summary{color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:26px}.card-bottom{margin-top:auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;border-top:1px solid #e8edf5;padding-top:17px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.card-bottom span:last-child{color:var(--blue)}.method-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px;align-items:center;background:white;padding:30px 35px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}.method-row h3{margin:12px 0 8px}.method-row p{color:var(--muted);font-size:16px;margin:0;max-width:790px}.method-arrow{font-size:32px;color:var(--blue)}.empty{color:var(--muted);padding:30px 0}.editorial-note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:35px 0 50px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:50px}.editorial-note h3{font-size:18px}.editorial-note p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;margin:0}.site-footer{background:white;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:35px 0}.footer-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:30px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.footer-inner strong{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:16px}.footer-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.page-heading{padding:62px 0 40px;max-width:850px}.page-heading h1{margin:18px 0;font-size:42px}.page-heading p{color:var(--muted);font-size:18px}.category-links{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:32px}.category-links a{font-size:15px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:7px 17px;background:white}.category-links a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--blue);color:white;border-color:var(--blue)}.listing{padding-bottom:70px}.breadcrumb{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;padding-top:30px}.article-heading{padding:34px 0 32px;max-width:910px}.article-heading h1{font-size:42px;line-height:1.5;margin:17px 0 21px}.article-heading .lead{font-size:19px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9;margin-bottom:21px}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,790px) 1fr;gap:65px;align-items:start;padding-bottom:65px}.article-body{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:44px 48px;font-size:18px;line-height:2}.article-body h2{font-size:26px;margin:38px 0 19px;scroll-margin-top:25px}.article-body h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.article-body h3{font-size:21px;margin:27px 0 16px}.article-body p{margin-bottom:22px}.article-body a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;word-break:break-word}.article-body ul,.article-body ol{padding-left:1.4em;margin:0 0 25px}.article-body li{padding-left:3px;margin:8px 0}.article-body blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--orange);margin:25px 0;padding:12px 22px;background:#fff7f0;color:#6c4f3b}.article-body blockquote p:last-child{margin:0}.article-body strong{font-weight:650}.article-body code{font-size:.9em;background:#edf2f9;padding:1px 4px}.toc{position:sticky;top:30px;padding-top:8px;font-size:14px}.toc-title{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.1em;padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-weight:600}.toc ol{list-style:none;margin:15px 0 25px;padding:0}.toc li{margin-bottom:11px}.toc a{color:var(--muted)}.toc a:hover{color:var(--blue)}.toc .aside-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}.article-end{max-width:790px;margin-bottom:65px;padding:26px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.article-end p{margin:4px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.related{padding-bottom:50px}.contact-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.15fr;gap:70px;padding-bottom:70px;align-items:start}.contact-context{padding-top:15px}.contact-context h2{font-size:25px;margin-bottom:20px}.contact-context p{color:var(--muted)}.contact-context ul{padding-left:20px;color:var(--muted)}.contact-form{background:white;padding:35px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}.contact-form label{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 20px}.contact-form input,.contact-form textarea{display:block;width:100%;border:1px solid #bbc9dc;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;padding:11px 12px;margin-top:8px;color:var(--ink);font-size:17px}.contact-form textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:138px}.contact-form .permission{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;color:var(--muted)}.permission input{width:18px;height:18px;margin-top:5px;flex-shrink:0}.button{border:0;border-radius:7px;background:var(--blue);color:white;padding:13px 24px;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block}.button:hover{background:#154bc6;color:white}.button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.55}.form-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:0}.preview-form-note{background:#fff6ed;padding:12px 15px;border-left:3px solid var(--orange);font-size:14px;margin-bottom:22px}.simple-page{max-width:820px;margin-bottom:65px}.simple-page section{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 0}.simple-page h2{font-size:24px;margin-bottom:18px}.simple-page p{color:var(--muted)}.error-page{padding:90px 0 130px}
@media(max-width:1100px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.brand-text{display:none}.main-nav{gap:20px}.hero{gap:40px}.article-grid{gap:18px}.article-card{padding:24px}.article-layout{gap:34px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 215px}.article-body{padding:35px}.contact-layout{gap:40px}}
@media(max-width:760px){body{font-size:16px}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.header-inner{min-height:0;display:block;padding:12px 0 0}.brand{justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.brand img{width:105px;height:66px}.brand-text{display:block;border:0;padding:0;text-align:right;font-size:15px}.brand-text small{font-size:10px}.main-nav{display:flex;gap:0;justify-content:space-between;font-size:14px;padding:5px 0 9px;flex-wrap:wrap}.main-nav a{padding:9px 4px}.main-nav .contact-link{margin-left:0;padding:9px 4px;border:0}.preview-notice{font-size:13px;text-align:left;padding:8px 20px}.hero{display:block;padding:38px 0}.hero h1{font-size:40px;margin:19px 0}.hero-intro{font-size:16px}.hero .featured{margin-top:30px;padding:25px}.featured h2{font-size:25px}.featured-label{padding-bottom:17px}.flow{margin-top:22px;padding-top:18px}.section{padding:30px 0 35px}.section-heading{gap:12px;align-items:flex-start}.section-heading h2{font-size:24px;gap:11px}.section-sub{font-size:14px}.section-heading .text-link{font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;gap:9px;margin-top:5px}.article-grid,.article-grid.two{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article-card{padding:23px}.article-card h3{font-size:21px;margin:14px 0 10px}.article-card .summary{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:20px}.stage{font-size:13px}.method-row{padding:23px;gap:15px}.method-row h3{font-size:21px}.editorial-note{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px;padding:25px 0 35px}.footer-inner{display:block}.footer-links{margin-top:20px;gap:18px}.page-heading{padding:37px 0 23px}.page-heading h1{font-size:33px}.page-heading p{font-size:16px}.category-links{gap:8px;margin-bottom:25px}.category-links a{font-size:14px;padding:6px 12px}.listing{padding-bottom:40px}.article-heading{padding-top:24px}.article-heading h1{font-size:31px;margin:15px 0}.article-heading .lead{font-size:17px}.article-layout{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:25px;padding-bottom:30px}.article-body{font-size:16px;padding:25px 23px;width:100%;line-height:2}.article-body h2{font-size:23px}.article-body h3{font-size:20px}.toc{position:static;width:100%;order:-1;padding-top:0}.toc ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 18px;margin-bottom:0}.toc li{margin:0}.toc .aside-note{display:none}.article-end{margin-bottom:35px;align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.contact-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;padding-bottom:40px}.contact-context{padding:0}.contact-form{padding:24px}.contact-form input,.contact-form textarea{font-size:16px}.contact-context h2{font-size:24px}.simple-page{margin-bottom:40px}.simple-page h2{font-size:23px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 32px)}.main-nav{font-size:13px}.hero h1{font-size:35px}.featured{padding:22px}.article-heading h1{font-size:28px}.article-body{padding:23px 18px}.flow{font-size:13px}.brand-text{font-size:14px}.section-heading .text-link{font-size:13px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}

/* News commentary: approved photos and explanatory figures. */
.article-photo{margin:0 0 12px}.article-photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:4px}.article-body .image-credit{font-size:12px;color:#777;line-height:1.7;text-align:center;margin:8px 0 25px}.article-body .commentary-summary{font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;letter-spacing:1px;color:#0080ff;font-weight:700;text-align:center;margin:16px 0 26px}.article-body .commentary-emphasis{margin:22px 0;padding:18px 16px;background:#faf8f0;border-radius:10px}.article-body .commentary-emphasis p{margin:0;color:#0e2e4f;font-size:17px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.8;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-body .commentary-part{text-align:center;color:#0e2e4f;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:2px;margin:36px 0 22px}.commentary-part span{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:3.5px;color:#a88a1c;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:7px}

.article-heading h1{text-wrap:balance;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:break-word}.article-heading .title-ending{white-space:nowrap}

/* Keep the main website one clear step away on every research page. */
.header-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;flex-shrink:0}.return-home{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);padding:10px 0}.return-home:hover{color:var(--blue)}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1200px){.header-brand .brand-text{display:none}}
@media(max-width:760px){.header-brand{justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.header-brand .brand{justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px}.header-brand .brand img{width:85px;height:60px}.header-brand .brand-text{font-size:14px;text-align:left}.header-brand .brand-text small{display:none}.return-home{min-height:44px;font-size:13px}.footer-links{flex-wrap:wrap}}